Intrauterine device (IUD)

What is an Intrauterine Device (IUD)?

An Intrauterine Device (IUD) is a small piece of plastic that is inserted by a doctor into the uterus to prevent pregnancy. It is approximately 1½ inches (three cm) in length. There are several different types of IUDs. The most common IUD is T-shaped and coated with copper. This can be left in the uterus for up to five years or longer. Attached to the IUD are two plastic threads or strings that hang down through the cervix into the vagina. The cervix is the opening to the uterus. The threads or strings do not hang outside the body.

The IUD can also be used as an emergency method of birth control. If an IUD is inserted within seven days after unprotected vaginal sex it may prevent a pregnancy.

How does an IUD work?

Exactly how the IUD works to prevent pregnancy is not fully understood. The IUD may:

  • Cause slight inflammation of the lining of the uterus so that a fertilized egg cannot implant.

  • Interfere with the movement of sperm.

  • Speed up the movement of the egg through the fallopian tube.

How effective is an IUD?

The IUD is 97 to 99 percent effective in preventing pregnancy.

How do you use an IUD?

Insertion of an IUD must be done by a doctor or nurse. You will need to be checked for any sexually transmitted infections before the IUD can be inserted. This should be done at least one week before the IUD is inserted. Insertion is usually done when you are on your period. The doctor or nurse will perform a pelvic exam and check to see where your uterus is positioned. They will then insert a speculum into your vagina to see your cervix and then wash your cervix with an antiseptic solution. Next an IUD is put into your uterus and the strings are cut just below your cervix. IUD insertion can be uncomfortable. You may want to take pain pills before you have an IUD inserted. Removal of an IUD must be done by a doctor or a nurse. Do not try to remove an IUD yourself.

What are the advantages of an IUD?

  • Highly effective in preventing pregnancy.

  • Inexpensive.

  • Does not interrupt sex.

  • Does not require partner’s involvement.

  • Can be used for a long period of time.

  • Can be used as an emergency method of birth control.

What are the disadvantages of an IUD?

  • Does not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

  • If you get a sexually transmitted infection, the IUD could increase the likelihood of developing pelvic inflammatory disease (infection of the reproductive organs), which may lead to infertility.

  • May increase the likelihood of ectopic pregnancy (pregnancy outside the uterus.)

  • Can cause heavier and more painful periods.

  • Cramping and discomfort during insertion.

  • There are risks during insertion and removal that your doctor should discuss with you before inserting an IUD.

Where can you get an IUD?

Most birth control clinics can insert an IUD. The IUD is also available at the Bay Centre for Birth Control.